| Visa type | Pacific Engagement (subclass 192) visa | Temporary Work (International Relations) visa (subclass 403) Pacific Australia Labour Mobility stream | 
| Purpose | Permanent residence visa Aimed at building greater people-to-people, cultural, business and educational links between Australia and the Pacific | Temporary migration program Allows workers to take up jobs in Australia, develop skills and send money home to families and communities | 
| Countries taking part in the program | Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu | Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu | 
| Length of stay in Australia permitted by visa | Permanent | Short-term: up to 9 months Long-term: 1-4 years. | 
| Number of visas available | Up to 3,000 per year, including partners and children | Demand-driven | 
| Eligibility | Citizen of a participating country Must be born in or have a parent born in an eligible country 18-45 years of age to enter the ballot (applicants can include partner and legally dependent children) Primary applicant selected through the ballot process English-language, formal ongoing job offer in Australia, health and character requirements | 21 years and over Sponsored by a PALM scheme employer English-language (long-term work only), health and character requirements | 
| Employment | Primary or secondary applicant must have received an ongoing job offer in Australia to be eligible for a visa (job offer not required to enter the ballot) Can work for any employer in Australia Support is provided to connect successful ballot entrants with employers | Employer-sponsored. Must have an offer of employment from a PALM scheme employer  Workers cannot work with any employer other than their sponsor unless approved by the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations | 
| Duration of work placements | Can work for any employer without restriction | Short-term: up to 9 months (workers must achieve a ‘net financial benefit’ during their stay) Long-term: 1-4 years | 
| Application process for visa | 
Eligible citizens from participating countries register in an annual ballot An electronic system randomly selects ballot entrants Those selected from the ballot secure a job offer and apply for a visa | 
Worker registers interest with the participating country labour-sending unit and is added to the country’s ‘work ready pool’Employer undertakes recruitment processWorker applies for an employer-sponsored visa | 
| Location | No geographic restrictions | Employers in the agriculture sector (including in agriculture-related food product manufacturing) can be based anywhere in Australia Employers in other sectors must be based in regional or rural Australia | 
| Skill level of applicants | Any skill level | Unskilled, low-skilled and semi-skilled | 
| Relocation costs | Visa holder pays for all costs of moving to and settling in Australia | PALM scheme worker pays for passport and health check PALM scheme employer pays for initial worker moving costs (e.g. visa and flights), which they may recoup through deductions from wages after a $300 employer contribution | 
| Family/dependents | Primary applicant can bring a partner and dependent children | PALM scheme short-term workers: cannot bring a partner or dependents to Australia PALM scheme long-term workers: 200 families will be selected for family accompaniment in 2024 | 
| Access to benefits | Visa holders receive permanent resident benefits, including access to Medicare, public schools, Child Care Subsidy and Family Tax Benefits No waiting periods for Austudy or Youth Allowance (Student or Apprentice), and access to the Higher Education Loan Program (HELP) and VET Student Loans (VSL) | PALM scheme workers (short-term and long-term) must have health insurance  PALM scheme long-term workers who are participating in the family accompaniment pilot have access to Family Tax Benefits, Child Care Subsidy and Medicare | 
| Pre-departure support | Employment Support Service connects applicants with Australian employers  Pre-departure briefings to provide culturally and language-relevant information about the visa application process and life in Australia | Pre-departure briefings to provide culturally and language-relevant information about employment and life in Australia | 
| Arrival support | Settlement support, including through the Adult Migrant English Program (AMEP) and the Settlement Engagement and Transition Support (SETS) program | The PALM employer must provide an arrival briefing, meet accommodation standards, provide enough hours of work, and ensure the well-being of workers, including supporting connections to community and sporting groups, churches and diaspora groups PALM scheme workers receive ongoing support from their PALM scheme employers, PALM scheme support service line and Country Liaison Officers/Labour Attachés |